Stoichiometry
| Back
titration
Explaining the concept of back titration with examples. |
Titrations
1
Example titrations calculations 1 |
Titrations
2
Example titrations calculations 2 |
Titrations
3
Example titrations calculations 3 |
Structure and bonding
| Group
V hydrides
Flash file showing the relative boiling points of the group V hydrides. |
Group VII hydrides
Flash file showing the relative boiling points of the group VII hydrides. |
Octet expansion
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| The
Lewis structure of boron trifluoride
Explaining the concept of back titration with examples. |
The
Lewis structure of phosphorus(V) chloride
Explaining the concept of back titration with examples. |
The
Lewis structure of the carbonate ion
Explaining the concept of back titration with examples. |
| The
Lewis structure of hydrazine
Explaining the concept of back titration with examples. |
The
Lewis structure of methanal
Explaining the concept of back titration with examples. |
The
Lewis structure of the nitrate ion
Explaining the concept of back titration with examples. |
Periodicity
| Ionisation
energy
Flash file showing the relative boiling points of the group V hydrides. |
Periodic table
jigsaw
Flash file showing the relative boiling points of the group VII hydrides. |
Octet expansion
How atoms undergo octet expansion to make higher oxidation states available for bonding. |
Atomic theory
| Aufbau principle
The system of building up electronic configurations by filling up atomic orbitals in order of ascending energy. |
Periodic table
jigsaw
Flash file showing the relative boiling points of the group VII hydrides. |
Octet expansion
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| Sub-atomic
particles
Explaining the arrangement of the particles within atoms and ions. |
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Energetics
| Back extrapolation
Compensating for heat losses in reactions with slow energy release. |
Calorimetry
Capturing heat released by reactions. |
Enthalpy change
The relationship between enthalpy, kinetic energy and internal energy. |
Born-Haber
cycles
Using magnesium chloride as an example. |
| Hess' law
The different ways of applying Hess' law to enthalpy cycles. |
Born-Haber
cycle NaCl
A description of the processes that an ionic crystal goes through energetically in formation. |
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| Hess'
law
The basis and use of Hess' law. |
Applying
Hess' law
The basis and use of Hess' law. |
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Kinetics
| Mechanisms
How to use kinetics studies to elucidate possible mechanisms. |
The rate
equation
Solving the rate equation. |
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| Reaction
kinetics and mechanisms
How to deduce mechanisms from kinetics studies. |
Solving
the rate equation
How to solve the rate equation. |
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Equilibrium
| Pressure
and kc
Expanation of why changing pressure conditions does not affect the value of the equilibrium constant. |
Using the equilibrium law to find constants. |
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Acids and bases
| Acid strength
The factors that affect the strengths of acids. |
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| Buffer
question 1
Solving a buffer problem. |
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Redox equilibria
| Frost
diagrams
The use of electrode potentials to show favourable reactions. |
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| Redox
calculation
Redox reaction calculation solved. |
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Organic chemistry
| Meso effect
The directing effects of substituents in aromatic substitution. |
Organic mechanisms
The different mechanisms involved in organic reactions.. |
Nucleophilic
substitution
A closer look at nucleophilic substitution sN1 and sN2. |
Benzene
nitration
The mechanisms of electrophilic substition in the nitration of benzene. |
| Nomenclature
The fundamental basics of organic nomenclature that need to be known. |
Organic pathways
The routes used in synthesis. |
Benzene
The stability of aromatic compounds explained energetically. |
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| Nucleophilic
substitution of haloalkanes
sN1 and sN2 explained. |
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Data processing
General resources
| Column chromatography
The technique used to separate mixtures of soluble compounds. |
Ion analysis
'Wet' techniques used for identifying positive and negative ions in solution. |
Haemoglobin
The structure of the protein haemoglobin |
Cahn,
Ingold, Prelog
The priority rules used to identify organic stereoisomers. |
| Nucleophilic
substitution of haloalkanes
sN1 and sN2 explained. |
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