20.2 - Nucleophilic substitution reactions (2h)

20.2.1: Explain why the hydroxide ion is a better nucleophile than water

20.2.2: Describe and explain how the rate of nucleophilic substitution in halogenoalkanes by the hydroxide ion depends on the identity of the halogen.

20.2.3: Describe and explain how the rate of nucleophilic substitution in halogenoalkanes by the hydroxide ion depends on whether the halogenoalkane is primary, secondary or tertiary.

20.2.4: Describe, using equations, the substitution reactions of halogenoalkanes with ammonia and potassium cyanide..

20.2.5: Explain the reactions of primary halogenoalkanes with ammonia and potassium cyanide in terms of the sN2 mechanism.

20.2.6: Describe, using equations, the reduction of nitriles using hydrogen and a nickel catalyst.

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